Technical

AI development

Research, modelling and training activities for AI systems.

How the laws define this

Frameworks uniformly recognize AI development as the process of building artificial intelligence through research, system or model design, training, and testing. Every framework centers on the technical creation and refinement of models, systems, or applications. However, these instruments diverge significantly on whether the concept extends past technical creation into post-creation activities. The National Strategy in the field of Artificial Intelligence 2024-2027 strictly distinguishes development from operational use and deployment in production environments, keeping the focus entirely on pre-operational research, validation, and experimentation. In contrast, the Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in Ukraine explicitly includes deployment and operational use within its scope, treating development as the full lifecycle from research and design through to deployment, while also encompassing state support measures, infrastructure, and regulatory preparation. Meanwhile, the National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence (Legislative Recommendations) focuses concisely on creation, training, and refinement without mentioning operational deployment.

Synthesised from the 3 statutory definitions below. Each one is quoted in full, with its source.

How jurisdictions differ

What is distinctive in each definition, binding law in force first. Showing 2 of the 3 instruments that define this term; all are listed under Definitions below.

Jurisdiction	Instrument	Status	What is distinctive
Ukraine	Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in Ukraine	In Force (Amended)	Expands to include design, creation, testing, deployment, and the full lifecycle from R&D to operational use, plus state support, infrastructure, and regulatory preparation.
United States	National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence (Legislative Recommendations)	Adopted	Limits to creation, training, and refinement of AI systems, models, and applications, omitting research, testing, deployment, or support measures.

What it triggers

In Ukraine, the Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in Ukraine frames state support measures, infrastructure, and regulatory preparation for advancing national AI capabilities.source
In the United States, the National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence (Legislative Recommendations) guides Congress on drafting federal legislation for child safety, AI fraud, and data center energy permitting.source

Definitions (3)

Processes and activities related to the creation of AI systems, including basic and applied research, model design, dataset curation, training, validation and experimentation; distinguished from operational use and deployment in production environments.

National Strategy in the field of Artificial Intelligence 2024-2027Definition 1 of 3

Encompasses research, design, creation, testing, and deployment of artificial intelligence systems and technologies within Ukraine, covering the full lifecycle from R&D to operational use. It frames state support measures, infrastructure, and regulatory preparation for advancing national AI capabilities.

Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in UkraineDefinition 2 of 3

The creation, training, and refinement of artificial intelligence systems, models, and applications.

National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence (Legislative Recommendations)Definition 3 of 3

Not to be confused with

AI R&D

AI R&D focuses on foundational research and model prototype development for networked deployment, while AI development encompasses broader lifecycle activities.

AI deployment

AI deployment refers specifically to operational use in production environments, whereas AI development covers creation and training preceding deployment.

Questions and answers

What does AI development cover under Ukraine's AI Concept?

It encompasses research, design, creation, testing, and deployment of AI systems and technologies within Ukraine. This covers the full lifecycle from R&D to operational use. It frames state support measures, infrastructure, and regulatory preparation.

How is AI development defined in the US National Policy Framework?

It is defined as the creation, training, and refinement of artificial intelligence systems, models, and applications.

Does AI development include deployment?

Under Ukraine's Concept, it includes deployment as part of the full lifecycle to operational use. The US Framework limits it to creation, training, and refinement without mentioning deployment. It is distinguished from operational use in other contexts.