automated decision

A decision produced by a system or process that affects a data subject's rights or obligations and is made by automated means without substantive human intervention; the Enforcement Decree and PIPC guidance further clarify what constitutes a 'significant impact' and the boundary with human-in-the-loop systems.

A decision produced wholly or substantially through algorithmic or automated processing that lacks meaningful human intervention and produces legal or similarly significant effects for individuals; includes clarification of hybrid human-in/on-the-loop arrangements that may or may not trigger obligations.

A decision produced solely or primarily by algorithms or AI models without direct human participation, which materially affects individuals; the bill grants affected persons rights to request explanations and requires providers to document and disclose information about such decisions.