data spaces

Decentralised environments structured by governance rules and shared technical standards that enable cross-domain, interoperable data exchange between organisations while preserving control, sovereignty and legal compliance; intended to support sectoral ecosystems and EU-level interoperability.

Interoperable, secure platforms and environments for storing, sharing, annotating and governing datasets to facilitate training and reuse of AI models. Data spaces in the Strategy include common annotation standards, access controls and data-sharing frameworks intended for public sector and multi‑stakeholder use.

Governed ecosystems for data sharing that define legal, technical, and interoperability arrangements to enable secure, controlled exchange of datasets and model‑relevant information across organizations and jurisdictions.

Federated, standards-based environments that enable data sharing under defined governance arrangements, technical and semantic interoperability, and access rules across sectors or organisations. The Strategy describes them as sectoral or cross-sectoral constructs (e.g., industry, health, mobility, environment, public administration) to facilitate secure, governed data exchange and reuse.

Interoperable and secure data‑sharing infrastructures and associated policies intended to enable access to, exchange of and reuse of public and private datasets across sectors while ensuring compliance with data protection rules (e.g., GDPR), supporting open data policies and facilitating AI development and sectoral uptake.