Rights & Ethics

Disparate Treatment

Intentional discrimination based on protected characteristics in AI system design or use.

Definition

Disparate Treatment is intentional discrimination—treating individuals differently because of their protected characteristics. In AI contexts:

  • Design choices: Deliberately using protected characteristics as model inputs
  • Proxy use: Intentionally selecting variables as proxies for protected characteristics
  • Differential deployment: Applying AI differently based on protected characteristics
  • Override patterns: Humans overriding AI recommendations in discriminatory patterns

Unlike disparate impact (unintentional discrimination), disparate treatment requires proof of discriminatory intent. However, AI system design choices and documentation can provide evidence of intent. Both disparate treatment and disparate impact are prohibited under civil rights laws.

Sources

  • Title VII
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964