Technical
Fine-Tuning
A post‑training step that adapts a pre‑trained (foundation) model to a specific task or domain by further training on smaller, task‑oriented data.
Definition
A subsequent training phase where a pre-trained foundation model is adapted to a particular task, domain, or dataset to improve performance on specific downstream applications. Fine-tuning can be done by model developers or downstream firms and affects contestability and switching costs in markets.