Chile - Qualification of Vital Operators (285/2025)

Overview

Decreto Supremo N° 285 (signed 6 September 2024; published in the Diario Oficial on 13 March 2025) approves the "Reglamento del Procedimiento de Calificación de los Operadores de Importancia Vital" under Law N° 21.663 (the Chilean Cybersecurity Framework). The Regulation operationalizes Article 5 and Article 6 of Law 21.663 by establishing the criteria and the step-by-step administrative process ANCI must follow to classify providers of essential services as Operators of Vital Importance (OIV). The regulation is reproduced in the Chilean legislative repositories; see the full text at the Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional (BCN) reproduction of the decree: Decree No. 285 (BCN). The instrument is intended to be applied with the principles of proportionality, graduality and transparency and links to other instruments implementing the Law (e.g., incident-reporting and ANCI internal-organization decrees).

Definitions

The Regulation clarifies key terms used in the qualification process. "Agency" refers to the Agencia Nacional de Ciberseguridad (ANCI). "Dependence" means an operational dependency between operators where one cannot provide its service without a good or service from another operator. "Monoprovision" denotes situations where a single provider delivers an essential service and no immediate replacement exists. "Redundancy" describes the existence of alternative providers able to substitute a service immediately. The decree expressly ties these definitions to the assessment of significant impact: ANCI must examine these and other criteria to evaluate whether an interruption or compromise of services would produce significant consequences for public order, security or the continuity of essential services.

Governance and Institutional Framework

The Regulation assigns ANCI central responsibility for initiating, directing and deciding qualification processes. It requires ANCI to coordinate with sectoral regulators and other public agencies and to act under the administrative rules of Law N° 19.880. The decree explicitly references Chile's digital-administration rules (e.g., DFL N°1/2020 and DS N°4/2020) for the use of electronic procedures and establishes transitional rules for notifications where the full digital notification regime is not yet applicable. The Regulation situates the OIV qualification within broader national cyber governance instruments, such as the National Cybersecurity Policy 2023–2028, and complements other decrees issued under Law 21.663. For the official text and institutional references see BCN Decreto N°285 and commentary at Diario Constitucional.

Key Focus Areas

The Regulation focuses on: (1) objective qualification criteria (dependence on IT systems and significant impact), (2) evidentiary requirements and inter-agency reports (ANCI may request sectoral regulators to provide lists and technical inputs), (3) a multi-stage administrative procedure (preliminary list, notification, public consultation for private entities, final list and reasoned resolution), (4) rights of affected entities (notification, opportunity to present observations and supporting evidence), and (5) periodic review (ANCI must review OIV status at least every three years; interim reviews are possible for changed circumstances). The decree sets detailed process timings drawn from Law N° 19.880 and prescribes principles of transparency and maximum disclosure for the public consultation stage. For background on how the first processes were executed under DS N°285 see ANCI actions referenced in the BCN repository and summaries at BCN — Resolution references.

Implementation Framework

Operational steps: ANCI requests reports from sectoral regulators; within a defined timeframe (established in the Regulation and consistent with Law 19.880), ANCI prepares a preliminary list of institutions that could qualify. If the preliminary list includes private institutions, that list must be published and submitted to a public consultation (30 days as indicated in ANCI implementing resolutions). The Regulation mandates that entities on the preliminary list be notified individually and be allowed to submit observations and documents. After considering comments, ANCI issues a final list and a reasoned resolution naming the entities classified as OIV. The Regulation also sets out rules for the form of notifications (electronic where applicable; otherwise certified mail) and for the content of administrative records. See the reproduced text at BCN Decreto N°285 for procedural wording.

Monitoring and Evaluation

ANCI must review and update OIV classifications at least once every three years, but may open ad-hoc reviews when circumstances change (e.g., major systemic incidents, emergence of new service dependencies, or structural market changes). The Regulation requires ANCI to maintain administrative records supporting each qualification decision and sets out requirements for interagency information exchange. Implementation monitoring is expected to be operationalized through ANCI resolutions, platform tools for reporting and registry systems. The regulation foresees that the ANCI will issue further instructions and guidelines (e.g., Instrucciones Generales) to operationalize aspects like templates, indicators and reporting channels.

Penalties, Liability, and Appeals

While the Regulation focuses on procedure, it reiterates that sanctions for non-compliance derive from Law N° 21.663 (which establishes a graduated sanctioning regime with fines in UTM and administrative measures). The decree references Law 21.663’s framework for classifying infractions as light, serious and very serious and for applying higher maxima for operators of vital importance. The Regulation confirms that enforcement and sanctioning powers remain with ANCI and that affected entities may exercise administrative remedies established in Law N° 19.880 (reposición, reconsideración and other administrative routes), and judicial remedies foreseen in the law (e.g., judicial review before competent courts). For the Law’s sanctions framework consult the legislative record: BCN — Law 21.663 history and sanction summary.

Relationship to Other Instruments

DS N°285 sits within a family of secondary rules implementing Law 21.663: it complements the Decree regulating incident reporting, the Decree setting ANCI’s internal structure and decrees on the interministerial committee and multisector council. DS N°285 is administrative-procedural in nature and designed to be used alongside ANCI resolutions (e.g., those initiating qualification rounds and approving preliminary lists or calendars). The decree also integrates with Chile’s transformation-digital rules (DFL N°1/2020 and DS N°4/2020) that regulate electronic procedures and notifications. See consolidated references in legislative repositories: Decree text and the UdeC summary of related decrees at UdeC decrees list.

International Alignment

DS N°285 reflects internationally recognized approaches to critical infrastructure and essential service classification: it uses a risk- and impact-based approach and procedural safeguards rather than an automatic sectoral capture model. This resembles versions of the EU NIS2 approach (impact-based classification plus sectoral focus) while keeping a declaratory model where a national authority (ANCI) issues designations. The Regulation’s emphasis on interdependency analysis, redundancy and monoprovision is consistent with international frameworks such as NIST’s Cybersecurity Framework and OECD recommendations on critical infrastructure protection. For comparative context see commentaries linking Chilean implementation to international frameworks at Diario Constitucional analysis.

Implementation Timeline

Event	Date
Decree signed	2024-09-06
Decree published in Diario Oficial / Effective date	2025-03-13
Start of first qualification process (ANCI Resolution)	2025-05-30 (ANCI Resolution Exenta N°24 — process initiation reported in BCN records)
Publication of preliminary lists and public consultation (first cycle)	2025-09-16 (preliminary list publication and consultation referenced in subsequent ANCI acts)
Periodic review requirement	Every 3 years from designation

Sources and References

Source	Type
Decree No. 285 — "Aprueba Reglamento del Procedimiento de Calificación de los Operadores de Importancia Vital" (BCN reproduction)	Primary Source
vLex reproduction of Decreto N° 285 (Diario Oficial publication details)	Secondary Source
Diario Constitucional — legal commentary on the Regulation	Secondary Source