General Court of the European Union — European Commission

On 3 September 2025 the General Court (Tenth Chamber, Extended Composition) dismissed in its entirety Philippe Latombe's action for annulment of Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/1795, upholding the adequacy of the EU-US Data Privacy Framework and ordering the applicant to bear the costs. The Court held that the Data Protection Review Court offers guarantees of independence and impartiality essentially equivalent to EU standards and that bulk collection under Executive Order 14086 is proportionate. On the automated-processing plea, it found the Framework principles substantially equivalent to GDPR Articles 22 and 32 and no evidence of decisions taken solely by automated means. Latombe lodged an appeal before the Court of Justice on 31 October 2025 (Case C-703/25 P), which is pending. Note: this is a judicial-review action brought by a private individual against an EU institution, not a regulatory enforcement action, and its AI relevance is limited to the subsidiary Article 22 plea.

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