Technical

AI Factory

National compute and development environment for large-scale AI work.

How the laws define this

Both frameworks agree that an AI Factory represents large-scale or high-performance compute infrastructure and development environments designed for training, developing, and deploying AI models through collaborative efforts. They diverge primarily in their strategic orientation, governance focus, and operational details. The National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030 defines the concept as a national compute environment centered on technical sovereignty, research, industry collaboration, and secure on-premises training and deployment, explicitly referencing a planned Hungarian supercomputer. Conversely, the Agenda Nacional de Inteligência Artificial (National AI Agenda / ANI) — planned national AI agenda (in public consultation/auscultation) emphasizes shared infrastructure, operational services, software pipelines, and collaborative governance arrangements tailored to large AI models such as LLMs, placing its definition within the EuroHPC / European AI Factory context.

Synthesised from the 2 statutory definitions below. Each one is quoted in full, with its source.

What it triggers

In the Portuguese National Artificial Intelligence Agenda, it sets out priorities across areas including the establishment of an AI Factory as high-performance, shared infrastructure and associated operational services for training, developing and deploying large AI models.source
In the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030, it describes a national compute and development environment that provides large-scale compute, secure on-premises model training and deployment capabilities to support research, industry collaboration, and technical sovereignty for developing and hosting AI models.

Definitions (2)

A national compute and development environment that provides large-scale compute, secure on‑premises model training and deployment capabilities (including a planned Hungarian supercomputer) to support research, industry collaboration, and technical sovereignty for developing and hosting AI models.

National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030Definition 1 of 2

An AI Factory is high‑performance, shared infrastructure and associated operational services for training, developing and deploying large AI models (e.g., LLMs), encompassing compute resources, pipelines, and collaborative governance arrangements (notably in the EuroHPC / European AI Factory context).

Agenda Nacional de Inteligência Artificial (National AI Agenda / ANI) — planned national AI agenda (in public consultation/auscultation)Definition 2 of 2

Not to be confused with

National AI Platform

A National AI Platform is state-operated infrastructure specifically for controlled AI development and testing, whereas an AI Factory provides broader compute and development environment including model training and deployment.

AI R&D Infrastructure

AI R&D Infrastructure refers to computational resources, datasets, software, and platforms generally for AI research, while an AI Factory is a national compute and development environment focused on large-scale AI model work with collaborative governance.

Questions and answers

What is an AI Factory in Portugal's AI strategy?

In the Portuguese National Artificial Intelligence Agenda, an AI Factory is defined as high-performance, shared infrastructure and associated operational services for training, developing and deploying large AI models, encompassing compute resources, pipelines, and collaborative governance arrangements, notably in the EuroHPC / European AI Factory context. The agenda is a draft national AI strategy launched as part of the Digital Strategy and presented for public consultation in January 2025.

What capabilities does an AI Factory provide under the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2025-2030?

It provides large-scale compute, secure on-premises model training and deployment capabilities, including a planned Hungarian supercomputer, to support research, industry collaboration, and technical sovereignty for developing and hosting AI models.

How does an AI Factory differ from a National AI Factory?

An AI Factory is a national compute and development environment for large-scale AI work, while a National AI Factory is a one-stop national service hub for AI resources and regulatory support.