important data

Data identified by its importance and the potential harm caused by its tampering, leakage or loss — including impacts on national security, economic lifelines, major public interests and people’s livelihoods; such data are subject to graded protection, designated responsible persons, risk assessments and reporting obligations.

Data which, if tampered with, leaked, or illegally obtained or used, may endanger national security, economic operation, social stability, public health or safety; designation that triggers mandatory outbound transfer security assessment obligations and enhanced safeguards under the Measures.

Data types or datasets that competent authorities identify in national, sectoral or local catalogues as having significance for economic security, public interests or national security; processors of such data must apply enhanced governance, register or declare holdings, perform pre‑transfer risk assessments, and comply with stricter technical and contractual safeguards.

Data that, by reason of its importance to national security, economic development, social public interests or other significant functions, is subject to special classification and governance measures (including storage, protection and controlled cross‑border transfer) coordinated under the Cybersecurity Law and the Data Security Law.