Indonesia - National AI Roadmap

Overview

The Buku Putih Peta Jalan Kecerdasan Artifisial Nasional is a strategic national roadmap produced under the coordination of the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (Komdigi) to provide a comprehensive policy foundation for AI adoption in Indonesia. The draft White Paper was released for public consultation in August 2025 and describes objectives to achieve inclusive, responsible, and secure AI that advances economic growth while protecting fundamental rights and public safety. The document functions as a non-binding policy instrument that outlines priority sectors, governance mechanisms, and the sequencing of legal and institutional reforms. Komdigi positioned the Roadmap as the basis for subsequent implementing regulation, ethics guidance, and a proposed Presidential Regulation; it was the subject of a public consultation that was extended to allow stakeholders more time to contribute. Komdigi announcement. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Definitions

The White Paper provides working definitions for core terms used across the policy: "artificial intelligence" (covering machine learning, statistical models, and AI-driven systems), "AI system lifecycle" (data, model training, deployment, monitoring), "high-risk applications" (uses that affect fundamental rights, health, safety, or economic livelihood), "human oversight" (meaningful human control over critical decisions), "model security" (measures to protect model integrity and prevent misuse), and "data governance" (collection, consent, minimization, retention, and lawful processing). Definitions are calibrated to support interoperable operational rules and sectoral adaptations while referring to international best practices where relevant. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Governance and Institutional Framework

The Roadmap recommends a layered governance model that combines a central coordinating role for Komdigi with sectoral regulatory responsibilities assigned to line ministries and independent agencies. It proposes establishing a national AI coordination body or strengthening an existing inter-ministerial taskforce to steer implementation, align policy across ministries, and coordinate capacity building. Operational responsibilities (e.g., health, finance, education) would remain with sector regulators such as the Ministry of Health and OJK (Financial Services Authority), with shared responsibilities for data protection and cybersecurity with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and BSSN (National Cyber and Crypto Agency). The Roadmap also recommends advisory mechanisms involving academia, industry, and civil society to ensure transparency and technical competence in policymaking. Komdigi press release. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9579?utm_source=openai))

Key Focus Areas

The White Paper identifies several priority areas: 1) Ethics and fundamental rights: embedding non-discrimination, transparency, and human dignity into AI design and deployment; 2) Data governance and privacy: promoting lawful processing, consent, data minimization, and cross-sectoral data stewardship; 3) Safety and robustness: model validation, testing, red-teaming, and incident reporting for safety-critical systems; 4) Cybersecurity and model security: measures to secure models and datasets from theft, tampering or adversarial exploitation; 5) Risk management and conformity: standardized risk assessment frameworks, documentation, and potential registration or notification of high-risk systems; 6) Institutional capacity and R&D: national investments in AI education, research ecosystems, and public-sector uptake; and 7) Market and international alignment: support for domestic industry while harmonizing with international standards. The Roadmap gives special attention to high-impact sectors—including health and finance—recommending tailored risk mitigation and oversight in those domains. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Implementation Framework

The Roadmap outlines a phased approach: initial phase (policy, ethics, and governance design), middle phase (development of technical standards, testing capacities, and pilot deployments), and later phase (full sectoral regulation, certification, and nationwide scaling). It recommends the preparation of subsidiary instruments such as a Presidential Regulation (Perpres), ministerial regulations, technical standards, and an ethics code. The document advocates for public-private partnerships for pilot projects and encourages open data initiatives where privacy and security permit. Komdigi emphasizes that the White Paper itself is preparatory and that binding obligations will be clarified in the regulatory drafting phase. Komdigi. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring provisions in the Roadmap emphasize measurable KPIs, periodic reviews, and adaptive governance to respond to technological change. The Roadmap proposes establishing monitoring dashboards, incident reporting channels, and annual public reporting on AI adoption, incidents, and regulatory compliance. It also recommends independent evaluations and stakeholder consultations at defined intervals to assess whether policies protect rights and promote innovation. Data collected through monitoring would inform successive iterations of sectoral rules and technical standards. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Penalties, Liability, and Appeals

As a policy roadmap, the White Paper does not itself set detailed penalties but recommends that implementing regulations define proportional administrative sanctions, remediation requirements, and civil liability pathways for harms arising from AI systems. It calls for mechanisms to enable redress for affected individuals and a clear appeals process through administrative and judicial forums. The Roadmap suggests coordination with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and judicial stakeholders to harmonize liability rules with existing tort and consumer protection regimes. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Relationship to Other Instruments

The Roadmap situates itself alongside recent Indonesian instruments such as the Ministerial Circular on AI ethics (Surat Edaran Menkominfo No. 9 Tahun 2023) and national laws on data protection, electronic information, and sectoral regulation. It is intended to bridge gaps between these instruments and to harmonize national policy with sector-specific supervisory frameworks (e.g., health, finance). The Roadmap anticipates that many obligations will be transposed into Perpres and ministerial rules. Komdigi announcement. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

International Alignment

The White Paper explicitly references the importance of international alignment with emerging global AI norms and standards—encouraging interoperability with frameworks such as OECD AI Principles and EU regulatory approaches while taking into account Indonesia's legal and socio-economic context. The Roadmap promotes participation in international standard-setting bodies, adoption of recognized technical standards for safety and transparency, and bilateral cooperation to manage cross-border data flows and model provenance challenges. Komdigi frames international engagement as essential for trade, research collaboration, and effective governance of transnational AI risks. ([portal.komdigi.go.id](https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9531?utm_source=openai))

Implementation Timeline

Sources and References