Emerging technologies
New or evolving technologies with transformative potential.
How the laws define this
Regulatory instruments consistently treat emerging technologies as novel or rapidly evolving tools anchored by artificial intelligence, data analytics, and automation that drive innovation while introducing complex risks or triggering mandatory security, ethical, and risk-management requirements. Crucially, these instruments diverge in their technical scope and operational focus. Project 2775/2022 establishes a broad, technology-neutral framework designed to adapt to future technical developments and socioeconomic risks. In contrast, Project 6852/2023 and Law No. 32082 narrowly frame these tools around specific enumerated capabilities—such as machine learning and automated decision-aiding—tailored to digital transformation within consular contexts. Meanwhile, Bank Negara Malaysia — Policy Document on Risk Management in Technology (RMiT) and the National Policy for Digital Transformation to 2030 focus on strategic sector-wide adoption, explicitly incorporating items like distributed ledger technology, Internet of Things, and geospatial information to address governance in public sector and financial contexts.
Synthesised from the 5 statutory definitions below. Each one is quoted in full, with its source.
How jurisdictions differ
What is distinctive in each definition, binding law in force first. Showing 4 of the 5 instruments that define this term; all are listed under Definitions below.
| Jurisdiction | Instrument | Status | What is distinctive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peru | Project 2775/2022 — Bill to promote the use of Artificial Intelligence (project that led to Law 31814) | In Force | Emphasizes technology-neutral approach to encompass novel or rapidly developing technologies beyond AI, including those posing risks to rights and safety. |
| Malaysia | Bank Negara Malaysia — Policy Document on Risk Management in Technology (RMiT) (updated) | In Force | Explicitly enumerates examples like AI, DLT, and advanced analytics, focusing on their novel opportunities alongside complex governance and risk management needs in financial institutions. |
| Peru | Law No. 32082 — Law providing for the progressive implementation of Digital Transformation in Peruvian Consular Offices (includes explicit incorporation of emerging technologies such as AI) | In Force | Limits to AI, machine learning, automation and related innovations specifically incorporated to support digital transformation of consular services. |
| Peru | National Policy for Digital Transformation to 2030 | In Force | Identifies strategic technologies like AI, data analytics, IoT and geospatial information, stressing ethical adoption, data governance and pilot experimentation in public sector. |
What it triggers
- In Peru, under Law No. 31814, it triggers a national principles-based framework guiding public and private AI adoption supervised by the Secretariat of Government and Digital Transformation.source
- Under Law No. 32082, it triggers ethical, security and data-protection requirements for incorporation into digital transformation of Peruvian consular offices abroad.source
- Under Bank Negara Malaysia's RMiT policy document, it calls for specific governance and risk management considerations including board accountability and cyber resilience in financial institutions.source
- Under Peru's National Policy for Digital Transformation to 2030, it sets out objectives, standards and mechanisms linking to data governance, pilot experimentation and ethical adoption.source
Definitions (5)
Technologies that are novel or rapidly developing and that have the potential to drive innovation, socioeconomic change, or risks to rights and safety; the definition is technology‑neutral to allow the legal framework to adapt to future technical developments. In the law, this category explicitly includes AI and other cutting‑edge digital technologies that warrant regulatory attention and coordination.
Technologies identified as strategic for innovation and transformation, including AI, data analytics, Internet of Things, geospatial information and related tools, with an emphasis on their ethical and responsible adoption in the public sector. The policy links these technologies to data governance, pilot experimentation and standards adoption.
Technological tools explicitly enumerated by the law to include Artificial Intelligence and related capabilities, described as software or systems performing tasks associated with human cognitive functions, and encompassing automated decision‑aiding and algorithmic processing applied within consular contexts.
Technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation and related innovations whose incorporation supports digital transformation of consular services. The term is used to frame permitted tools and to trigger applicable ethical, security and data-protection requirements.
Emerging Technologies encompasses new and rapidly evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), distributed ledger technology (DLT), and advanced analytics, which introduce novel opportunities but also complex risks that require specific governance and risk management considerations.
Not to be confused with
Emerging and Disruptive Technologies is a broad category of novel technologies covered by a reform, while emerging technologies here have specific definitions tied to innovation, risks or sectoral applications.
Questions and answers
What technologies count as emerging under Peruvian Law 31814?
It covers novel or rapidly developing technologies with potential for innovation, socioeconomic change or risks, explicitly including AI and other cutting-edge digital technologies. The definition is technology-neutral to adapt to future developments.
How does Peru's consular law use emerging technologies?
Law No. 32082 uses the term for AI, machine learning, automation and related tools to frame their ethical incorporation into digital consular services with security and data protection requirements.
Related Terms
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